Based on this definition, we propose a method of falsifiability hypothesis testing of theoretical constructs that may determine the maintenance process. We suggest that maintenance should not be considered an absolute state of behavioral performance (e.g., a stage), as some constructs that were critical to behavioral performance during initiation will still be critical during PA continuation. Based on this information, we suggest PA maintenance be operationalized as a process marked by a shift in the mechanisms of action determining behavioral performance, that engender greater perceived behavioral enactment efficiency. Relevant behavioral theories were parsed for references to maintenance or maintenance-specific constructs and constructs most likely associated with maintenance were overviewed from a recent systematic review. Our subsequent aims were to engage in a critical analysis of this literature to propose a working definition of PA maintenance followed by recommendations for future research. The purpose of this critical narrative review was to first overview the conception of maintenance and co-requisite theoretical constructs in theories used in PA research. This has likely impaired the advancement of theory and practice. A clear rationale can be made for promoting long-term regular physical activity (PA), yet despite some attempts to operationalize "maintenance," no robust definition has been agreed upon, beyond arbitrary time frames of regular PA.
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